Beef Teriyaki Recipe is a flavorful and satisfying dish that brings the taste of Japan to your table in just under 30 minutes. This classic recipe features tender beef coated in a sweet and savory teriyaki sauce, perfectly balanced with hints of garlic and ginger. It’s easy to prepare, making it an ideal choice for busy weeknights or when you want to impress guests with minimal effort. Paired with steamed rice or sautéed vegetables, this dish is a crowd-pleaser that’s sure to become a family favorite. Let’s dive into the ingredients, preparation steps, and tips to create this delightful meal!
Beef teriyaki recipe
Equipment
- Large skillet or wok
- Cutting board
- Knife
Ingredients
- 1 lb 450g of beef sirloin, thinly sliced
- ⅓ cup soy sauce
- ¼ cup mirin, or substitute with sweet white wine
- 2 tbsp honey or brown sugar
- 1 tbsp sesame oil
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1 tsp grated ginger
- 1 tbsp cornstarch mixed with 2 tbsp water
- 1 tbsp vegetable oil
- 1 green onion, sliced for garnish
- Sesame seeds for garnish (optional)
Instructions
- Step 1: Prepare the Beef and Marinade– Thinly slice the beef into bite-sized strips.– In a bowl, mix soy sauce, mirin, honey, garlic, ginger, and sesame oil. Marinate the beef for 10 minutes while preparing the other ingredients.
- Step 2: Cook the Beef– Warm a large skillet or wok over medium-high heat and pour in the vegetable oil.– Remove the beef from the marinade and cook in the skillet until browned, about 2–3 minutes per side. Set the cooked beef aside.
- Step 3: Make the Teriyaki Sauce– Pour the remaining marinade into the skillet and bring to a gentle boil.– Add the cornstarch mixture, stirring constantly until the sauce thickens. This takes about 2 minutes.
- Step 4: Combine and Serve– Return the cooked beef to the skillet and toss in the sauce until fully coated.– Sprinkle green onions and sesame seeds on top before serving. Serve hot with steamed rice or vegetables.
Notes
- Use a wok for the best results and even cooking.
- If mirin is unavailable, replace it with a combination of rice vinegar and sugar.
- You can add vegetables like broccoli or bell peppers for added flavor and nutrition.
Table of Contents
Introduction to Beef Teriyaki
Beef Teriyaki is more than just a dish; it’s a culinary masterpiece that encapsulates the rich tapestry of Japanese gastronomy. A favorite among food lovers worldwide, this dish artfully combines tender, succulent beef with a glossy, sweet-savory sauce that tantalizes taste buds. Its name, “teriyaki,” comes from the Japanese words “teri,” meaning luster or shine, and “yaki,” meaning grilled or broiled. This cultural staple has evolved into a globally adored meal, embodying a fusion of tradition and modern-day creativity.
A Glimpse into the Origins of Teriyaki
The concept of teriyaki traces back to Japan’s Edo period (1603-1868), an era known for its emphasis on aesthetics and flavor. Japanese cooks developed teriyaki to highlight the natural flavors of fish, poultry, and meat while emphasizing the visual appeal of the dish. The hallmark shine of the teriyaki glaze, achieved through a reduction of soy sauce, sugar, and mirin (a type of rice wine), became a symbol of culinary sophistication.
Initially crafted to suit the subtle palate of the Japanese, teriyaki made its way to the United States in the mid-20th century, where it underwent a flavorful transformation. American chefs adapted traditional recipes to accommodate local ingredients and preferences, adding elements like garlic, ginger, and honey for a more robust taste profile. Beef Teriyaki, in particular, rose to prominence as a versatile and hearty meal that catered to the growing popularity of Asian-inspired cuisine.
Why Beef Teriyaki Stands Out
Beef Teriyaki stands as a prime example of culinary innovation, showcasing the perfect balance between rich umami flavors and a touch of sweetness. What makes it so distinctive is its ability to cater to diverse tastes while retaining its cultural authenticity. Whether served with steamed rice, stir-fried vegetables, or noodles, the dish seamlessly complements a variety of accompaniments, making it a favorite for casual dinners and special occasions alike.
Moreover, Beef Teriyaki is celebrated for its versatility. Cuts of beef such as ribeye, sirloin, or tenderloin can be used, ensuring that there’s an option for every budget and preference. The dish’s simplicity is deceptive; each bite offers layers of complexity, with the sauce soaking into the meat and enhancing its natural flavor. This harmony of textures and tastes has positioned Beef Teriyaki as a staple in both homes and high-end restaurants.
Cultural Significance in American Cuisine
As the melting pot of cultures, the United States has embraced Beef Teriyaki with open arms. Its presence in the culinary landscape is a testament to the country’s love for fusion dishes that combine international flavors with local twists. In cities like Seattle, New York, and Los Angeles, Beef Teriyaki has become synonymous with comfort food, available in trendy food trucks, family-owned Japanese restaurants, and fine-dining establishments.
The growing popularity of Beef Teriyaki is also linked to the rise of health-conscious eating. The dish is often prepared using lean cuts of beef and incorporates natural ingredients like soy sauce and fresh ginger, which are rich in antioxidants and nutrients. This makes it an appealing choice for those seeking a balance between indulgence and wholesome eating.
Beef Teriyaki in the Modern Era
In today’s culinary world, Beef Teriyaki continues to evolve. Creative chefs experiment with different flavor combinations, adding elements such as chili for heat, pineapple for tang, or sesame seeds for crunch. The dish has also gained a new life in the form of fusion recipes, appearing in tacos, sliders, and even as a pizza topping.
Another trend that has bolstered its appeal is the emphasis on homemade cooking. With the widespread availability of teriyaki sauce and beef cuts in grocery stores, more Americans are trying their hand at recreating restaurant-quality Beef Teriyaki at home. This not only fosters a deeper appreciation for the dish but also strengthens its cultural roots by introducing people to traditional cooking techniques.
Why Americans Love Beef Teriyaki
The appeal of Beef Teriyaki lies in its ability to bridge cultural gaps. For Americans, it represents a blend of familiarity and exoticism—comfort food with a hint of adventure. The dish is easy to prepare yet sophisticated in presentation, making it an excellent choice for busy families, dinner parties, and even meal prepping. Its flavor profile caters to both children and adults, making it a universally beloved option.
Furthermore, Beef Teriyaki is a reflection of the global nature of American dining habits. It’s not uncommon to find households preparing teriyaki dishes alongside burgers, pastas, and tacos. The adaptability of the dish ensures that it remains a staple in kitchens, regardless of the season or occasion.
Conclusion
Beef Teriyaki is more than just a meal; it’s a celebration of culinary tradition, innovation, and the shared joy of good food. Its rich history, coupled with its modern-day relevance, highlights the enduring appeal of this Japanese classic in American homes. Whether enjoyed as a quick weekday dinner or a gourmet weekend treat, Beef Teriyaki continues to shine as a dish that brings people together, one bite at a time.
Ingredients and Preparation
Beef teriyaki is a classic dish beloved for its bold flavors, tender meat, and irresistible glossy sauce. Originating in Japan, this dish has become a staple in kitchens worldwide, particularly in the United States, where fusion cuisine reigns supreme. Today, we’ll explore how to create a mouthwatering beef teriyaki recipe that’s perfect for any occasion. This detailed guide will walk you through the ingredients and preparation, ensuring an authentic yet accessible dish that pairs perfectly with rice, noodles, or steamed vegetables.
Key Ingredients for Beef Teriyaki
The success of any recipe lies in its ingredients. Here’s what you’ll need:
- 1 lb (450g) of beef sirloin: Thinly sliced for quick cooking and maximum flavor absorption. Choose high-quality meat for the best results.
- ⅓ cup soy sauce: The cornerstone of teriyaki sauce, delivering that salty, umami punch.
- ¼ cup mirin: A sweet rice wine traditionally used in Japanese cooking. If unavailable, sweet white wine is a suitable substitute.
- 2 tbsp honey or brown sugar: Adds the signature sweetness to balance the saltiness of the soy sauce.
- 1 tbsp sesame oil: Enhances the nutty aroma of the dish.
- 2 cloves garlic, minced: Infuses the sauce with a savory depth.
- 1 tsp grated ginger: A key element for a fresh, zesty kick.
- 1 tbsp cornstarch mixed with 2 tbsp water: Creates a slurry to thicken the sauce to a luscious consistency.
- 1 tbsp vegetable oil: Ensures the beef cooks evenly without sticking to the pan.
- 1 green onion, sliced: Adds a burst of color and freshness as a garnish.
- Sesame seeds (optional): A delightful finishing touch for visual appeal and texture.
Preparation: The Secret to Perfect Beef Teriyaki
Achieving a flawless beef teriyaki requires a few essential steps to maximize the flavor and texture of the dish. Here’s how to make it like a pro:
Marinating the Beef
The marinade is the heart of this dish, infusing the beef with the quintessential teriyaki flavors. Begin by mixing soy sauce, mirin, honey (or brown sugar), garlic, and ginger in a bowl. Stir thoroughly until the honey or sugar has fully dissolved. Place the thinly sliced beef into the marinade, ensuring each piece is thoroughly coated. Let it rest in the refrigerator for at least 20 minutes, but for a more robust flavor, marinate it for up to an hour.
Preparing the Teriyaki Sauce
While the beef marinates, prepare the sauce. Combine the reserved marinade with the cornstarch slurry in a small saucepan. Heat gently, stirring continuously, until the mixture thickens into a glossy, smooth sauce. Adjust the seasoning by adding a touch more soy sauce for saltiness or honey for sweetness, depending on your taste.
Cooking the Beef
Warm a large skillet or wok over medium-high heat and pour in the vegetable oil. Once the oil is hot and shimmering, arrange the marinated beef slices in a single layer. Cook the beef for 1-2 minutes per side, ensuring it sears beautifully and remains tender. Avoid overcrowding the pan to achieve the perfect caramelization. If necessary, cook the beef in batches.
Combining the Beef and Sauce
After the beef is cooked, return all the slices to the pan and pour the prepared teriyaki sauce over them. Toss gently to coat every piece of meat evenly. Allow the beef to simmer for 1-2 minutes in the sauce, letting the flavors meld together harmoniously.
Serving Suggestions
Beef teriyaki shines brightest when paired with complementary sides. Explore these creative serving suggestions to enhance your dish:
- Steamed Rice: The neutral flavor of rice balances the savory-sweet notes of teriyaki sauce.
- Stir-Fried Vegetables: Add color and crunch with bell peppers, broccoli, or snap peas.
- Noodles: Serve the beef over soba or udon noodles for a heartier meal.
- Salad: A light cucumber or seaweed salad can be a refreshing accompaniment.
Tips for the Perfect Beef Teriyaki
- Choose the Right Cut: Beef sirloin is recommended, but flank steak or ribeye also work well. Ensure the meat is thinly sliced for quicker cooking and better flavor absorption.
- Control the Heat: Cook over medium-high heat for a quick sear without overcooking.
- Make it Your Own: Feel free to customize the sauce with a splash of sake, orange juice, or chili flakes for a unique twist.
- Garnish Generously: Green onions and sesame seeds not only add flavor but also elevate the presentation.
Why This Recipe Works
This beef teriyaki recipe strikes the perfect balance between authentic Japanese flavors and accessibility for home cooks. The combination of soy sauce, mirin, and honey creates a sauce that’s rich yet not overpowering. Meanwhile, marinating the beef ensures it’s tender and infused with flavor. Cooking in sesame oil adds a nutty aroma that complements the sweet and savory glaze, making every bite irresistible.
Conclusion
Beef teriyaki is more than just a dish; it’s an experience that brings the bold, comforting flavors of Japan to your table. With this detailed recipe, you can confidently prepare a restaurant-quality meal that’s sure to impress family and friends alike. Whether it’s a weeknight dinner or a special occasion, this beef teriyaki recipe promises to deliver satisfaction every time.
Step-by-Step Cooking Instructions
Teriyaki beef is an iconic Japanese dish, beloved for its harmonious combination of sweet and savory flavors. Literally meaning “glossy grilled,” the dish showcases the tenderness of the beef paired with a rich, glossy sauce. For Japanese food lovers in the United States, making authentic teriyaki beef at home is a rewarding culinary experience.
Step 1: Preparing the beef and marinade
Start by selecting a quality cut of beef, such as rump steak or rib eye, which are known for their tenderness and flavor. Slice the meat into thin strips, about a quarter-inch thick, to facilitate quick and even cooking.
Prepare the marinade by combining the following ingredients in a mixing bowl:
- Soy sauce: provides saltiness and depth of flavor.
- Mirin: A sweet rice wine that adds a sweet note and shine to the sauce.
- Honey: for a natural sweetness and syrupy consistency.
- Minced fresh garlic: provides a spicy and aromatic flavor.
- Fresh grated ginger: adds a spicy and fragrant touch.
- Toasted Sesame Oil: For a distinctive nutty flavor.
Dip the beef strips into this marinade, making sure they are well coated. Let sit for about 10 minutes at room temperature. This short marinating period allows the meat to absorb the flavors without altering its texture.
Step 2: Cooking the beef
Heat a large skillet or wok on medium-high and add one tablespoon of vegetable oil. When the oil is hot but not smoking, remove the beef strips from the marinade, discarding excess liquid to avoid splattering, and place them in the skillet in a single layer. Avoid crowding the skillet to ensure a good sear.
Cook the beef for 2 to 3 minutes on each side, until nicely browned and cooked to your liking. Quick cooking at a high temperature seals in the juices, ensuring juicy meat. Once cooked, transfer the beef to a plate and cover loosely to keep warm.
Step 3: Preparing the teriyaki sauce
Pour the reserved marinade into the same pan and bring to a gentle boil. This will kill any potential bacteria from the raw meat. In a small bowl, mix one teaspoon of cornstarch with two teaspoons of cold water to create a smooth slurry. Stir this mixture into the simmering sauce, stirring constantly to prevent lumps from forming. Continue to cook for about 2 minutes, until the sauce thickens and becomes glossy. The cornstarch acts as a thickening agent, giving the sauce its characteristic consistency.
Step 4: Assembly and Service
Return the cooked beef strips to the pan, tossing well to coat completely with the teriyaki sauce. Make sure each piece is coated for optimal flavor. For garnish, sprinkle with thin slices of green onion and toasted sesame seeds, which add a pop of color and crunch.
Serve the beef teriyaki hot, accompanied by steamed white rice or stir-fried vegetables for a balanced meal. The rice absorbs the savory sauce, while the vegetables add a freshness that contrasts nicely with the richness of the dish.
Tips for a successful culinary experience
- Choosing Ingredients : Use fresh, high-quality ingredients to achieve the best flavors. For example, authentic mirin can be found in Asian grocery stores or international sections of supermarkets.
- Marinade : While 10 minutes is enough to flavor the beef, marinating for longer, up to 30 minutes, can intensify the flavors. However, avoid exceeding this time to avoid altering the texture of the meat.
- Cooking : A well-heated pan or wok is essential to sear the beef properly, creating a light crust while retaining tenderness inside.
- Customize : Add vegetables like peppers, carrots or broccoli by sautéing them before cooking the beef for a personal touch and extra nutrients.
Teriyaki Beef FAQs
- Can I use meat other than beef for this recipe?Absolutely, chicken, pork or even tofu can be used as alternatives to beef. Just adjust the cooking times depending on the protein chosen.
- What is the difference between mirin and sake?Mirin is a sweet rice wine used primarily for cooking, adding a sweet flavor and brightness to dishes. Sake is a fermented rice wine that can be drunk or used in cooking, with a higher alcohol content and a less sweet flavor.
- How can I thicken the sauce if it is too runny?If your teriyaki sauce is too runny, you can add an additional mixture of cornstarch and cold water (in a ratio of 1:2). Slowly add it to the simmering sauce while stirring, until it reaches the desired consistency.
- Can I make teriyaki beef in advance?Yes, you can make the beef and sauce ahead of time. Store them separately in the refrigerator and reheat them in a skillet just before serving. This helps maintain the flavors and texture.
- Is teriyaki beef suitable for specific diets?This recipe can be adapted. For example, for a gluten-free version, use gluten-free soy sauce. If you are on a low-sugar diet, replace the honey with a natural sweetener like stevia.
- What can I serve teriyaki beef with?Traditionally, teriyaki beef is served with white rice. However, you can substitute brown rice, fried noodles, or a salad for a lighter alternative. For an authentic twist, add pickled vegetables or miso soup.
Conclusion
Beef teriyaki is a simple yet impressive recipe that can easily become a favorite at family dinners or meals with friends. With careful preparation and a few tips to maximize flavor, you can bring a taste of authentic Japanese cuisine to your table, even if you’re in the United States. This versatile recipe accommodates a variety of diets and personal tastes, making it a must-have in any culinary collection.
Nutrition Facts and Chef’s Notes
Beef Teriyaki is a beloved dish that artfully combines tender beef with a savory-sweet teriyaki glaze, offering a delightful culinary experience. Understanding its nutritional profile and the culinary techniques involved can enhance appreciation for this classic.
Nutritional Profile of Beef Teriyaki
The nutritional content of Beef Teriyaki can vary based on preparation methods and portion sizes. However, standard nutritional data provides a general overview:
- Calories: Approximately 270 calories per serving (269g) Eat This Much.
- Macronutrients:
- Carbohydrates: 65% of total calories, equating to about 44g.
- Fats: 14% of total calories, approximately 4g.
- Proteins: 21% of total calories, around 21g.
- Vitamins and Minerals:
- Vitamin A: Provides about 38% of the Daily Value (DV).
- Potassium: Contributes approximately 11% of the DV.
It’s important to note that these values can fluctuate based on specific recipes and serving sizes.
Chef’s Notes on Beef Teriyaki
Crafting an exceptional Beef Teriyaki involves attention to ingredient selection and cooking techniques:
- Beef Selection: Opt for tender cuts like ribeye or sirloin for optimal flavor and texture. Thinly slicing the beef across the grain enhances tenderness.
- Marinade Composition: A traditional teriyaki marinade balances soy sauce, sugar, and rice vinegar. For added depth, incorporating ginger and garlic is recommended. Bringing the marinade to a boil for a few minutes can intensify flavors Chefs Notes.
- Marination Process: Marinating the beef for at least an hour allows the flavors to permeate. For a more pronounced taste, extending the marination up to 12 hours is beneficial Chefs Notes.
- Cooking Technique: Grilling or pan-searing the marinated beef over high heat ensures a caramelized exterior while maintaining juiciness. It’s crucial to avoid overcooking to preserve tenderness.
- Sauce Application: Boiling the leftover marinade transforms it into a safe and flavorful glaze. Applying this glaze during the final stages of cooking enhances the dish’s signature glossy finish.
- Serving Suggestions: Beef Teriyaki pairs well with steamed rice or noodles and can be complemented with sautéed vegetables for a balanced meal.
By adhering to these guidelines, one can prepare a Beef Teriyaki that not only delights the palate but also aligns with nutritional considerations.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the origin of Teriyaki?
- Teriyaki is a Japanese cooking technique that involves grilling or broiling foods with a glaze of soy sauce, mirin, and sugar. While traditionally used for fish, it has been adapted globally for various proteins, including beef.
- Is it possible to use different cuts of beef for Teriyaki?
- Yes, cuts like flank steak or skirt steak can be used. Ensure they are sliced thinly against the grain to maintain tenderness.
- Is it necessary to marinate the beef overnight?
- While not mandatory, marinating overnight enhances flavor absorption. However, even a 30-minute marination can impart significant taste.
- How can I make the dish healthier?
- To reduce sodium and sugar content, opt for low-sodium soy sauce and moderate the amount of sugar in the marinade. Incorporating more vegetables can also enhance the dish’s nutritional value.
- What are common accompaniments for Beef Teriyaki?
- Steamed white rice, brown rice, or noodles are traditional accompaniments. Adding stir-fried or steamed vegetables like broccoli, bell peppers, or carrots complements the dish well.
- Can I prepare Beef Teriyaki in advance?
- Absolutely! You can prepare the marinade ahead of time and refrigerate the beef. Cooking should be done just before serving to ensure optimal texture and flavor.
Final Tips for Serving
Serving beef teriyaki involves more than just presenting a dish; it’s about creating a harmonious experience that reflects the essence of Japanese cuisine. Here are some detailed tips to enhance your beef teriyaki presentation:
1. Selecting the Accompaniments
- Rice: Traditionally, beef teriyaki is served with steamed white rice, which balances the savory flavors of the dish. For added texture and nutrition, consider using brown rice or a mix of white and wild rice.
- Noodles: Udon or soba noodles can be excellent alternatives to rice, offering a different texture that complements the tender beef.
2. Incorporating Vegetables
- Seasonal Vegetables: Including sautéed or steamed vegetables like broccoli, bell peppers, carrots, and snow peas adds color and nutritional value. These vegetables can be cooked separately or combined with the beef during the final stages of cooking.
- Pickled Vegetables: Serving pickled ginger or daikon on the side provides a tangy contrast that cleanses the palate between bites.
3. Garnishing for Visual Appeal
- Sesame Seeds: Sprinkling toasted sesame seeds over the beef teriyaki adds a subtle nutty flavor and enhances visual appeal.
- Fresh Herbs: Garnish with finely chopped scallions or cilantro to introduce freshness and a pop of color.
4. Serving Vessels
- Traditional Dishware: Using Japanese-style plates or bowls can enhance the authenticity of the presentation. Small, individual serving bowls for rice or noodles help in portion control and aesthetic appeal.
- Bento Boxes: For a unique presentation, serve the beef teriyaki in a bento box, compartmentalizing the beef, rice, and vegetables.
5. Sauce Presentation
- Glazing: Before serving, lightly glaze the beef with the teriyaki sauce to give it a glossy finish.
- Extra Sauce: Serve additional teriyaki sauce in a small dipping bowl on the side, allowing guests to adjust the flavor intensity to their liking.
6. Temperature Considerations
- Serving Hot: Ensure that the beef teriyaki is served hot to maintain its flavors and texture. Warm the serving plates beforehand to help retain heat.
7. Beverage Pairings
- Green Tea: A cup of warm green tea complements the flavors and aids digestion.
- Sake: For an authentic touch, pair the meal with a light, chilled sake.
8. Portion Control
- Balanced Portions: Serve appropriate portions of beef, rice or noodles, and vegetables to create a balanced meal.
9. Enhancing Flavor
- Marination: Allow the beef to marinate adequately to absorb the flavors of the teriyaki sauce.
- Cooking Technique: Sear the beef over high heat to caramelize the sugars in the sauce, enhancing depth of flavor.
10. Dietary Considerations
- Low-Sodium Options: Use low-sodium soy sauce to cater to guests monitoring their sodium intake.
- Gluten-Free Alternatives: For gluten-sensitive guests, opt for gluten-free soy sauce or tamari.
11. Cultural Touches
- Chopsticks: Provide chopsticks to enhance the dining experience and embrace Japanese dining customs.
- Table Setting: Incorporate elements like bamboo placemats or origami napkins to add cultural flair.
12. Dessert Pairing
- Light Desserts: Conclude the meal with light desserts such as mochi or green tea ice cream to complement the flavors of the beef teriyaki.
13. Presentation Techniques
- Layering: Place the rice or noodles as a base, layer the beef slices on top, and arrange vegetables around the sides for an appealing presentation.
- Symmetry: Arrange the components symmetrically to please the eye and reflect the balance inherent in Japanese cuisine.
14. Enhancing Aroma
- Fresh Herbs: Adding fresh herbs not only enhances visual appeal but also adds a pleasant aroma.
- Citrus Zest: A light sprinkle of lemon or yuzu zest can add a refreshing fragrance.
15. Mindful Eating
- Pacing: Encourage guests to savor each bite, appreciating the flavors and textures, which aligns with the mindful eating practices in Japanese culture.
By thoughtfully considering these aspects, you can elevate your beef teriyaki dish from a simple meal to a memorable dining experience that honors its Japanese roots while catering to American tastes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: Can I prepare beef teriyaki in advance?
Yes, you can marinate the beef and prepare the teriyaki sauce in advance. However, it’s best to cook the beef just before serving to maintain its tenderness and flavor.
Q2: What cuts of beef are best for teriyaki?
Tender cuts like sirloin, ribeye, or tenderloin are ideal for beef teriyaki due to their tenderness and flavor.
Q3: How can I make the dish spicier?
Adding a pinch of red pepper flakes or a dash of sriracha to the teriyaki sauce can introduce a spicy kick.
Q4: Is beef teriyaki suitable for meal prep?
Yes, beef teriyaki can be included in meal prep. Store the cooked beef and accompaniments separately to maintain their textures, and combine them just before reheating.
Q5: Can I use chicken instead of beef for teriyaki?
Absolutely, chicken is a common alternative in teriyaki dishes and pairs well with the sauce.
Q6: What is the origin of teriyaki sauce?
Teriyaki sauce originates from Japan and is traditionally made by boiling down soy sauce, sake, and sugar or honey.